Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection following polyacrylamide hydrogel (Amazingel) breast augmentation: A case report and literature review

This case emphasizes that M tuberculosis should be considered a potential pathogen in refractory soft tissue infections following PAAG injection. Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for mycobacterial infections when wounds fail to respond to standard therapies. Early use of acid-fast staining and molecular diagnostics (e.g., gene sequencing) is critical for timely and accurate diagnosis, enabling targeted treatment to improve patient outcomes.