Nutritional Approaches in Sarcopenia Management

This review comprehensively examined the latest research findings on dietary and nutritional intervention strategies for the prevention and management of sarcopenia.Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function during aging, resulting in a deterioration in the quality of life of older adults and increasing healthcare costs, consequently exacerbating the socioeconomic burden.This review is focused on the roles of key nutrients and supplements that can prevent the development of sarcopenia.Protein is an essential nutrient for muscle synthesis and maintenance.For older adults, a protein intake of 1.22.0g per kg of body weight is recommended, with high-quality protein rich in leucine being particularly effective for muscle protein synthesis.Additionally, vitamin D acts directly on muscle cells through vitamin D receptors to promote protein synthesis, and when consumed together with calcium, synergistic effects are observed in improving muscle strength and physical function.Antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids may prevent sarcopenia by reducing oxidative stress.However, their effects vary according to the gender and between individuals.Among nutritional supplements, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, creatine, and omega-3 fatty acids have been reported to have positive effects on increasing muscle mass and strength through various mechanisms, and their effects are maximized particularly when combined with resistance exercise.In conclusion, a comprehensive approach that integrates an adequate intake of high-quality protein, a balanced intake of various nutrients, and regular physical activity is essential for the effective prevention and management of sarcopenia.