Assessment of height determination accuracy in comparison of measurements from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and high-precision levelling at geodynamic test site

The article compares the height determination results from the satellite measurements and high-precision levelling at the geodynamic test site at the Zhezkazgan deposit in 2021–2023. It is shown that the geometric levelling and satellite navigation systems have different initial height reference surfaces which generally non-coincide and are non-parallel. Nevertheless, the created structure of the satellite and levelling network at the geodynamic test site, as well as the adopted observation procedure enable accurate height determination during geodynamic monitoring. The study was supported the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Grant No. BR21882366.