Hybrid entrepreneurship: Bridging the gap between employment and innovation for young graduates

This research examines career paths for young graduates in Iran, focusing on entrepreneurship and government employment, particularly hybrid entrepreneurship. In light of high youth unemployment and economic challenges, the study offers insights into career priorities of four key groups: private business owners, hybrid entrepreneurs, managers of agricultural government organizations, and university faculty members. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software, nine economic and social criteria were evaluated to prioritize career options—full-time entrepreneurship, hybrid entrepreneurship, and government employment. The sample included 60 participants, with 15 from each group. The findings show that private business owners prioritize job independence and flexibility, hybrid entrepreneurs emphasize business capability and risk reduction, while government managers and faculty members focus on job security and stability. The study suggests that hybrid entrepreneurship, combining public-sector jobs with entrepreneurial ventures, offers a sustainable career path for Iranian youth and calls for policies and educational programs to foster entrepreneurship and innovation.