A Study on the Proper Use of Safety Harnesses to Prevent Falls in High-Altitude Work Under 5 Meters

Objective: This study aims to analyze and propose practical measures to prevent fall accidents in low-height elevated work environments (under 5 meters), which are frequently underestimated in terms of risk.<br/>Background: Although low-altitude work environments are often perceived as relatively safe, they can lead to severe or fatal injuries due to insufficient use of protective equipment and limited availability of anchorage points. However, research focused on this context remains limited.<br/>Method: A structured survey was conducted targeting 100 workers from the construction and manufacturing industries to assess the current status and awareness of safety harness usage. In addition, experimental fall tests using a 1.2m lanyard and a 1.5m self-retracting lifeline were performed by dropping a mannequin from a height of 2.3m, with anchorage points set at 3.5m and 2.9m. Previous studies and relevant safety regulations were also reviewed to support theoretical analysis.<br/>Results: Survey results indicated that over 90% of respondents recognized the importance of wearing safety harnesses. However, only 45% reported considering the concept of minimum fall clearance in practice. Experimental findings showed that at a 3.5m anchorage point, both types of equipment successfully prevented ground impact. In contrast, when the anchorage point was set at 2.9m, the mannequin reached the ground due to insufficient clearance after accounting for shock absorber extension, indicating the inadequacy of standard fall protection equipment in lower work environments.<br/>Conclusion: Fall hazards exist even in low-elevation tasks, and ensuring minimum fall clearance through appropriate selection of protective equipment and anchorage point positioning is essential.<br/>Application: This study presents practical guidelines for implementing effective fall protection in low-height work environments and provides a foundational reference for future regulatory improvements and safety training program development.