A Comparison of Overhand and Side-Hand Throw Techniques in Handball Throw

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the characteristics of side-hand throw compared to overhand throw and to classify throwers based on their performance using both techniques, and (2) to examine whether individuals can be classified into subgroups based on their throwing performance in each technique, potentially reflecting differences in physical constitution and strength in handball throw. Thirty-nine male college students participated in this study. Participants performed two distinct throwing techniques, a side-hand throw and an overhand throw, using a standard handball. In addition, the following variables were measured: height, body weight, arm span, shoe size, hand length, hand width, arm length, leg length, grip strength, and standing long jump. Of these participants, sixteen were randomly selected for biomechanical analysis to assess the velocities of throwing arm and handball. As a result of this study, participants were divided into two groups, one of which had significantly lower overhand throw records compared to side-hand throw (SHT), whereas the other showed little difference between the two techniques (OHT). OHT had greater weight and grip strength than SHT, which may affect the difference in the throwing distance. From the results of comparison of the velocity of the throwing arm, SHT may not have effectively utilized a kinematic-chain, a whip-like motion, or a wrist snapping motion in the overhand throwing technique, typically associated with high-velocity overhand throws. However, they were able to throw farther in the side-hand throwing technique by using more of their trunk and simplifying the segmental sequencing. These findings indicate that individuals may benefit from a throwing technique that takes into account their physical constitution and strength in the side-hand throwing technique.