Ethnic identity and folk-cultural adaptation: the roles of social distance and social support

Multinational states typically face dual challenges arising from ethnic identity and folk-cultural adaptation. Balancing these elements is crucial in social science research. While previous studies have highlighted the significant impact of ethnic identity on cultural adaptation, the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 372 residents in the multi-ethnic border regions of Yunnan, China, during July and August 2024. Using the Ethnic Identity Scale, Social Distance Questionnaire, Social Support Scale, and Revised Sociocultural Adaptation Scale, we measured ethnic identity, social distance, social support, and folk-cultural adaptation, respectively. Our results revealed a positive association between ethnic identity and folk-cultural adaptation, partially mediated by social distance. Additionally, social support moderated both the direct relationship between social distance and folk-cultural adaptation and the indirect effect of ethnic identity on folk-cultural adaptation (via social distance). These findings deepen our understanding of how ethnic identity influences folk-cultural adaptation in multi-ethnic regions, underscoring its role in strengthening ethnic solidarity, promoting cultural diversity, and fostering social cohesion.