Research Progress on the Application of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Liver Failure

Acute liver failure (ALF), a severe clinical syndrome marked by high mortality rates and limited conventional treatments, urgently requires innovative therapeutic strategies. In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have emerged as a research hotspot due to their unique differentiation potential, remarkable regenerative capacity, and significant immune regulatory properties. Studies demonstrate that it can improve liver function through multiple mechanisms, promote hepatocyte regeneration, and reduce hepatic injury. Additionally, their role in regulating inflammatory responses provides new therapeutic approaches for ALF. This review systematically examines the latest research progress on hUC-MSCs in ALF treatment, focusing on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, and clinical application prospects, aiming to provide valuable references for future research and clinical practice.