The problem of freedom in the optics of philosophy of law in the works of German classics

Relevance . In this article, the authors reveal the concept of "freedom" from the point of view of the philosophy of law and its projection into the cultural field. Individual freedom cannot be absolute and can only be associated with an individual, it is always invariably associated with the freedom of other members of society and is formalized by law in the modern world.The purpose is interpretation of the phenomenon of freedom as a fundamental concept of the philosophy of law in the context of socio-cultural development. Оbjectives are: to reveal the phenomenon of freedom, its philosophical and legal aspects; to explicate the main provisions of the socio-cultural development of ideas about the phenomenon of freedom; to identify the relationship and difference between the dichotomous connectives "freedom and necessity", "freedom and responsibility", "freedom and law"; to determine the relationship of the concept of freedom with related concepts will, justice, equality. Methodology . Historical and comparative methods and critical analysis were used as a methodological basis. Results . The problem of freedom is distinguished by its multidimensional nature, becoming entrenched both in the field of philosophy and in the field of law, while filling the conceptual "framework" of a person's personal freedom. The evolution of legal understanding has led to changes in assessments of the role and scope of individual freedom, the duties of the state to ensure the adoption and application of legal norms, when people are able to act independently, guided by their own will. Diving into the history of studying the phenomenon of freedom reveals its correlation with such concepts as "equality", "justice", "will", etc. Conclusions . Today we are trying to restore the intrinsic value of freedom. This means that the very category of freedom requires a fairly serious analysis. This article is devoted to the analysis of this category, carried out at the junction of ethics and philosophy of law.