Gaining Insights into the Codon Structuring of Mitochondrial ND1 Gene of Freshwater Fish Under Cichlidae Family

In this study on the MT-ND1 gene of Cichlidae family, we described the codon usage pattern and the variables that influenced it. Various parameters had been used for this CUB analysis such as parity plot (PR2), neutrality plot, nucleotide compositions, RSCU, ENC, phylogenetic analysis etc. According to correspondence analysis (COA), axis-1 took up 24.89% and axis-2 occupied 15.92% of the total codon variation. The order of the GC content was GC1>GC3>GC2 for three codon positions. Neutrality plot analysis indicated the influence of natural selection, mutational pressure, and compositional constraints on codon usage, with natural selection being the most significant factor. Thirteen codons were found to be overrepresented, whereas twenty-three codons were found to be under-represented as elucidated by the RSCU values of the codons in mitochondrial ND1 gene of Cichlidae. Codon usage analysis shed light into the processes and evolutionary significance of the MT-ND1 gene.