Statistical Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil Samples collected from Niphad Tehsil, Maharashtra, India

Soil contamination with heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), and Copper (Cu) is a major environmental problem due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. This study looks at the amounts of these metals in various soil samples. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to better understand the distribution, linkages, and potential sources of contamination. The findings indicate varied metal concentrations in the soil, with some tests showing significant levels of contamination, indicating potential environmental hazards.