Evaluation of UAV Ground Station Network Performance with Machine Learning-Based Bandwidth Allocation

Efficient bandwidth allocation in 5G networks is essential for optimizing network performance and ensuring high quality of service (QoS), particularly in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems. The dynamic nature of UAV networks presents challenges in managing fluctuating QoS levels, necessitating intelligent bandwidth allocation strategies. This study investigates the effectiveness of two machine learning (ML) models, least square gradient boosting (LSGB) and a Bayesian regularization feedforward neural network (BRFFNN), in predicting bandwidth allocation for UAV ground station (UAV-GS) communication under 5G specifications. Using a simulation-based approach, the study evaluates UAV bandwidth allocation under two movement patterns: circular and random. The QoS metrics considered include the packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay, and throughput. The results demonstrate that the BRFFNN outperforms LSGB, particularly in circular UAV movement, achieving a 100% PDR, a 0.00773 ms delay, and a 3.232 million packets per second (pps) throughput. These findings suggest that ML models, particularly the BRFFNN, can significantly enhance bandwidth allocation strategies in 5G UAV-GS communication systems, improving overall network efficiency and QoS. This study provides valuable insights into ML-driven bandwidth allocation, emphasizing the BRFFNN as a superior approach for enhancing QoS in 5G UAV-GS networks. In the context of 5G UAV-GS bandwidth allocation, this study applies the BRFFNN in a novel way and demonstrates its superiority over tree-based models such as LSGB. In contrast to earlier research that concentrated on static or traditional allocation techniques, our method achieves State-of-the-Art QoS by dynamically predicting bandwidth under actual UAV movement scenarios.