India-Nepal relation and its challenges

India, the world's largest democracy, shares a longstanding and multifaceted relationship with Nepal, rooted in historical, cultural, and political ties. The foundation of India-Nepal relations has traditionally been built on mutual friendship and cooperation. Their geographical proximity has necessitated a dynamic relationship, often shaped by regional power rivalries and external influences. Since 1959, following Tibet’s diminished role, Nepal has emerged as a critical buffer state between India and China, significantly enhancing its geopolitical relevance in the Asian region. This paper explores the evolution of India-Nepal relations and assesses the potential avenues for re-examining and strengthening bilateral cooperation between the two nations.