Phenotypic Diversity and Biochemical Properties of Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall. Genotypes: A Comprehensive Study from Western Türkiye

This study comprehensively characterized the pomological and biochemical properties of 255 wild pear (Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall.) genotypes collected from 17 different locations in Denizli province, Türkiye, a region known for its significant genetic resources. A total of 19 parameters were investigated, including fruit dimensions, seed characteristics, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. Variance analysis revealed significant differences among locations for most of the evaluated traits (p ≤ 0.05). Correlation analyses elucidated the relationships between pomological and biochemical characteristics, while principal component analysis and cluster analysis reflected the genetic and geographical structure of the genotypes. Notably, genotypes from Çivril, Çal, Pamukkale, and Tavas locations exhibited superior characteristics. The high phenolic and flavonoid content, coupled with the strong antioxidant capacity of Pyrus elaeagnifolia, supports the species’ potential as a functional food. The findings provide valuable resources for conservation efforts, sustainable utilization, and breeding programs aimed at adapting to climate change. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first systematic and multi-trait assessment of wild pear genetic diversity in the Denizli province, thus providing a crucial scientific baseline for the development of effective conservation and breeding strategies.