Effect of the Different Alloying Elements Mo, Ti and Si in Aluminized Mo-Based Silicides

Abstract To understand the influence of Mo, Si, and Ti during aluminizing pack cementation processes of Mo-Si-Ti alloys, two ternary Mo-Si-Ti alloys (eutectic Mo-20.0Si-52.8Ti and eutectoid Mo-21.0Si-34.0Ti) were investigated and compared with pure Ti and Mo-40Ti (all in at.%). The coating formation mechanisms, phase composition, and microstructures of the different substrates were compared. Subsequently, the effect of the different elements on the oxidation behavior was evaluated, using thermogravimetric analysis at $${700}\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>700</mml:mn> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $${900}\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>900</mml:mn> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for 100 h in synthetic air. In addition, the type I ( $${900}\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>900</mml:mn> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and type II ( $${700}\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>700</mml:mn> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) hot corrosion behavior of the Al-coated Mo-Si-Ti alloys was investigated for 24 h and 100 h in synthetic air + 0.1% SO $$_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> . While the initial Al-rich coating phase was consumed or transformed at $${700}\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>700</mml:mn> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , it successfully facilitated the formation of a protective Al $$_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> O $$_3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> scale on the surface, even if the underlying reservoir was diminished. At $${900}\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>900</mml:mn> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the Al coatings on both substrates failed, and a hot corrosion-induced pesting dominated. While Si generally has a positive effect on oxidation and hot corrosion resistance, the main impact of Mo is dictated by its evaporation, and Ti can lead to the formation of TiO $$_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> as a mixed oxide with Al $$_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> O $$_3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> .