Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Activity Evaluation of Some Novel Naphtho[2,1-e]pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines

This paper explores a synthetic pathway for naphtopyrazolotriazines utilizing amines as versatile starting materials. The approach leverages the reactivity of amines to construct the triazine core, fused with naphtho and pyrazolo cycles, through a series of controlled diazo coupling and cyclization reactions. By employing amines, this method allows for the introduction of varied substituents, enabling the tailoring of electronic and steric properties to suit specific potential applications. The significance of this work lies in its efficiency, scalability, and potential to synthesize compounds with tunable functionalities. Naphtopyrazolotriazines are of interest due to the presence of a pyrazolo triazine moiety, which is known for its bioactivity, including anticancer and antimicrobial properties, and their possible utility in optoelectronic materials. All synthesized compounds have been characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV-Vis, and mass spectrometry. Additionally, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra of the synthesized compounds, together with the frontier molecular orbitals energies, were calculated by DFT methods implemented in Gaussian 09W software.