Research on Virtual Power Plant Technology for Agricultural Parks Based on Hydrogen Fuel Cells

This study addresses the optimization of energy systems in agricultural parks by proposing a virtual power plant (VPP) operation strategy based on hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power (CHP) technology. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is constructed to compare the economic costs, carbon emissions, and greenhouse carbon demand under three distinct operational strategies. Results indicate that Strategy 2 (hydrogen fuel cell-dominated supply) and Strategy 3 (VPP mode) increase costs by approximately 2.08x and 2.06x compared to Strategy 1 (traditional external energy procurement), respectively. However, carbon emissions are significantly reduced to 5.2% and 6.0% of the traditional strategy. Strategy 3 further reduces carbon demand through energy storage batteries and flexible scheduling, demonstrating the potential of hydrogen fuel cells in low-carbon energy systems and providing a technical pathway for achieving “Dual Carbon” goals in agricultural parks.