O ENSINO DE EQUAÇÃO POR MEIO DA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS: O QUE INDICAM AS PESQUISAS?

Addressing aspects of algebraic problems is an important pedagogical strategy for teaching Mathematics and developing mathematical skills. This approach focuses on promoting understanding of algebraic thinking and problem solving from the earliest stages of mathematics education, preparing students to face more complex challenges as they advance in their educational journey. Given this aspect, the objective of this article was to analyze and understand how problem solving can be an effective methodology for teaching equations in the final years of elementary school. The problem question was based on the following question: What aspects about problem solving in teaching equations are highlighted by research or studies already carried out? The methodology used was qualitative research, through literature review, based on articles found in the following databases: Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and CAPES Periodical Portal (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel). The results indicate that the reviewed studies propose strategies to improve the teaching of Algebra, ranging from the use of model questions to assess students' knowledge to the use of the History of Mathematics to contextualize polynomial equations. Strategies such as playful activities, analysis of algebraic thinking and an approach focused on problem solving promote a more effective understanding and the development of strategies to solve algebraic problems, significantly contributing to the improvement of teaching in this field.