Barriers to the Extensive Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Indonesia’s transportation sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating a transition to electric vehicles (EVs) to mitigate environmental impact. Despite government initiatives, including Presidential Decrees No. 55 of 2019 and No. 79 of 2023, EV adoption remains limited, with only 133,225 units recorded as of April 2024. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using PRISMA guidelines to identify key barriers hindering EV adoption in Indonesia. The findings categorize these barriers into five main areas: economic, infrastructure, technological, environmental, and policy-related challenges. High initial costs and low resale value limit affordability, while insufficient charging infrastructure and battery-related concerns exacerbate range anxiety. Additionally, regulatory inconsistencies, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and limited public awareness hinder the effectiveness of government incentives. Although EVs reduce emissions, challenges related to battery production and Indonesia’s reliance on fossil fuel-based power generation diminish their environmental benefits. Findings aim to provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders to address these barriers and support Indonesia’s target of deploying 2 million EVs by 2030.