Advances in the Prescription of Plantar Orthoses: Clinical Effectiveness and Biomechanical Perspectives

This article presents a systematic review of recent developments in the prescription of plantar orthoses, emphasizing their clinical, biomechanical, and technological impact. Various orthotic interventions applied to musculoskeletal conditions are analyzed, assessing their effects on gait parameters, load redistribution, and shock absorption. The study highlights emerging trends such as the integration of sensors, additive manufacturing through 3D printing, and the application of artificial intelligence—technologies that have redefined the design, functionality, and degree of personalization of modern orthotic devices. Based on a structured search across scientific databases, the evidence suggests that properly prescribed customized orthoses represent an effective, adaptable, and patient-centered therapeutic strategy. The review also identifies persistent challenges in clinical settings, including ethical barriers and issues of accessibility that hinder broader implementation.