Overview on the influencing factors of spent nuclear fuel disposal plan for Malaysian research reactor

Research reactors play a crucial role in the development of nuclear technology, especially for countries that support nuclear energy as an alternative power source, however it has become a major topic of debate due to public concerns and opposition regarding radioactive waste management. Spent nuclear fuel from research reactor, is categorized as high-level radioactive waste. Malaysia is currently advancing in research and development activities through its national research reactor but has not yet developed a disposal plan for spent nuclear fuel from this reactor. With the advancement of nuclear technology in Malaysia, developing a strategic disposal plan for spent nuclear fuel will help support the sustainable growth of nuclear energy and environmental protection. This study aims to identify factors influencing the development of a disposal plan for spent nuclear fuel from research reactors and to establish various disposal plan scenarios for spent nuclear fuel in Malaysia. This review discusses several parameters for developing a disposal plan for spent nuclear fuel from research reactors. The selected scenarios for the disposal plan of spent nuclear fuel from research reactors include geological permanent disposal, permanent borehole disposal, direct permanent disposal, and the “wait-and-see” policy, all of which are discussed in this review.