Development and Validation of a Trilingual Questionnaire Assessing Socioeconomic Burden of Orthodontic Treatment In India

Orthodontic care, though essential for functional and psychosocial health, often imposes a considerable socioeconomic burden on patients and families, especially in low- and middle-income countries. To quantify this multidimensional burden, a reliable and culturally relevant assessment tool is needed. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed through literature review and expert consultation. Face and content validity were established by a panel of five experts. Forty people from Wardha and