Impact of ICT-based Smart Solutions in Smart Cities: A Study of Jammu and Srinagar Smart Cities of Jammu and Kashmir

The Smart Cities Mission, launched by the Government of India, seeks to promote sustainable and inclusive urban development through the integration of digital infrastructure and smart governance. This study examines the implementation and impact of ICT-based smart solutions in the twin capital cities of Jammu and Srinagar under the Smart Cities Mission. The primary objectives were to identify the types of smart solutions deployed, assess their effectiveness in improving service delivery and citizen satisfaction, and analyze disparities in awareness and accessibility across different demographic groups. The study adopted a mixed-method approach, combining surveys, interviews, field observations, and secondary data analysis. Findings reveal that while visible infrastructure components such as smart roads, LED poles, and public surveillance systems have gained public recognition, digital governance services like online grievance redressal and property tax payment portals remain underutilized, especially among digitally illiterate and low-income groups. Moreover, the analysis highlights administrative challenges including inter-agency coordination, infrastructural limitations, and gaps in citizen engagement strategies. Despite these barriers, the overall public perception of the Smart Cities Mission is positive, particularly in areas related to sanitation, mobility, and public safety. The study concludes that for smart solutions to be truly transformative, greater emphasis must be placed on inclusivity, digital literacy, participatory governance, and robust institutional mechanisms.