Revolutionizing vehicle communication: A comprehensive exploration of technologies for enhanced road safety and autonomous vehicles

Given the ongoing increase in vehicular fatalities, there is a pressing need for more efficient and effective communication among vehicles, with a particular focus on intelligent transport systems. The potential for autonomous vehicles (AVs) can be realized through the integration of cutting-edge technologies in cars, which can ultimately enhance road safety, security, and the overall driving experience. This transformation requires significant advancements in three key aspects of vehicles: sensors, infotainment systems, and wireless communication technologies. This paper aims to compile information related to communication technology and delves into various aspects. Communication technologies can be categorized into proximity-based systems, including near-field communication (NFC) and RFID. Additionally, short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and ZigBee and medium-range options such as dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and Wi-Fi are explored. Furthermore, long-range communication methods such as Cellular Vehicle to Everything (V2X) and Long Range (LoRa), along with other technologies such as visible light communication and millimeter-wave radar communication, are examined. These communication technologies are analyzed in the context of their applications in V2X scenarios. In conclusion, this survey provides a comprehensive understanding of recent trends and ongoing research in technology. It offers insights into their evolution, applications, advantages, disadvantages, and future challenges, which are presented in detail.