Analysis of Educational Challenges for Science Teachers and Solutions with Emphasis on the Role of the Teacher

Purpose: This study aims to identify the educational challenges faced by science teachers in the secondary education system of Iraq. Methods and Materials: This study employs a qualitative research approach and using content analysis with an inductive methodology. The research environment included science teachers, science subject group leaders, and curriculum developers who were selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria. The primary data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached, with a total of 23 participants. Findings: The initial coding led to the identification of five subcategories of challenges faced by teachers: skills, knowledge, ethical characteristics, attitudes, and abilities. Based on these challenges, corresponding solutions emerged. Conclusion: In light of the findings, it is recommended that to overcome the identified educational problems in science education, all aspects highlighted in this study should be reviewed, and necessary reforms should be implemented to enhance the effectiveness of science education, with a particular emphasis on the role of the teacher.