Evaluating the Bridge Construction Impacts on Livelihood Resilience and Social Inclusion in Mugbagba, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

This study examines the impacts of bridge construction on livelihood resilience and social inclusion in Mugbagba, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The project, intended to improve urban mobility and mitigate flooding, also had significant socio-economic implications for informal workers, traders, and low-income residents in the area. Using a mixed-method approach, data were gathered from 180 respondents through questionnaires and key informant interviews. Findings revealed that while 72.2% of respondents reported improved access to markets and services, only 35.6% experienced both income growth and enhanced accessibility. Furthermore, over 50% of respondents reported some form of livelihood disruption, and only 10% were engaged in the planning process, indicating a low level of community participation. The results underscore the uneven distribution of project benefits and the limited capacity of vulnerable groups to recover from displacement or income shocks. The study concludes that urban infrastructure can foster inclusive development only when paired with equity-focused planning and post-construction support systems. Recommendations include participatory design, livelihood restoration frameworks, and continuous post-project monitoring.