Genetic diversity analysis of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes in Türkiye using SSR markers

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of 25 different sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes cultivated in Türkiye, including 16 registered cultivars, 6 local populations, 1 Indian population adapted to the ecological conditions of Konya, and 2 genotypes of Indian origin, using SSR markers. Genetic diversity was assessed using 10 different SSR primers, resulting in a total of 79 polymorphic bands. The CUESTSSR02 primer was the most efficient one with high values for Polymorphic Allele Number (PA), Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Expected Heterozygosity (He), and Marker Index (MI). Genetic relationships between genotypes were analyzed and visualized using a circular phylogenetic tree, PCoA, and a heatmap. The findings revealed that the local populations are genetically distinct from both registered cultivars and Indian genotypes. Notably, the Akören genotype was identified as genetically isolated from all other genotypes. This study highlights the crucial role of local populations in preserving and enhancing genetic diversity. The integration of Indian genotypes with local populations may contribute to the development of more resilient and productive cultivars. The findings emphasize that the effective use of genetic resources can support sustainable agriculture and improve agricultural performance.