Prevalence of Malaria Based on Blood Smear Examination: A Retrospective Study at FCVMLT Clinic, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Malaria is a significant public health issue in Nigeria, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease remains a persistent burden, occurring year-round and continuously exposing the population to the risk of infection. Materials: A preliminary retrospective study was conducted at the clinic of the Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology (FCVMLT), Vom, from Sep to Oct 2020. Four years of malaria data (2016–2020) were collected from laboratory registration books after obtaining permission from the head of the laboratory. Overall, 2020 patients were screened during this period. Results: The slide positivity rate for malaria remained relatively stable throughout the four-year period, with only minor fluctuations. Malaria prevalence was consistently high, with seasonal peaks during the rainy season. Among the infected individuals, 827 (75.46%) were males and 269 (24.54%) were females. In 2018, the highest infection rate among adults (above 17 yr) was recorded at 578, while the lowest adult infection rate was in 2016, with 29 cases. For children (<17 yr), the highest infection rate was 639, and the lowest was 91, also in 2016. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the persistent prevalence of malaria in the area, with notable seasonal variations. It is recommended that greater efforts be made to control the disease through public education on its dangers and the implementation of preventive measures.