QADIMGI XORAZMDA DEHQONCHILIKNING PAYDO BO‘LISHI VA SUG‘ORISH TIZIMLARINING SHAKLLANISHI: ARXEOLOGIK VA GEOMORFOLOGIK TADQIQOTLAR ASOSIDA

This article examines the emergence of agriculture and the development of artificial irrigation systems in ancient Khorezm, based on archaeological and geomorphological studies. It highlights the contributions of S.P.Tolstov, Ya.G.Gulyamov, and V.M.Masson, emphasizing the role of Tozabagyab, Amirobod, and Kaltaminor cultures in the history of irrigated farming. The paper discusses ancient canals, settlement patterns, and anthropogenic changes in riverbeds with scientifically grounded evidence.