Adipokines in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are known to be one of the major causes of mortality, leading to significant economic losses to society. Several risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease were identified, such as hypertension, obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), etc. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors that have been shown to double the risk of cardiovascular disease and increase the risk of all-cause mortality by 1.5 times. The review describes the role of adipokines in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the metabolic mechanisms of CVD development in obesity.