Thromboses in children with inflammatory bowel disease: from causes to prevention

The review provides up-to-date information on the features of the hemostasis system, risk groups for thrombosis, and current recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in children. The risk of thrombosis in IBD in children has been actively discussed in recent years due to a significant increase in the incidence of thrombosis in children with IBD compared to the population of healthy children. Thromboprophylaxis has long been an established practice in hospitalized adult patients with IBD, but recommendations for similar treatment in children have been limited so far. The COVID-19 pandemic has adjusted the existing recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in children. According to the latest publications, thromboprophylaxis should be considered in three groups of hospitalized patients: 1. children with the onset of acute severe UC; 2. all children with UC in postpubertal age and children in prepuberty with 1 or more risk factors, 3. children with CD, regardless of age, with 1 or more risk factors. It is important to increase awareness among specialists in the issues of identifying risk groups for thrombosis and its prevention among children with active IBD, especially those undergoing inpatient treatment.