Early markers of kidney damage in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease accompanied by various complications, one of which is diabetic nephropathy (DN). The purpose — to study early markers of renal damage in children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus (DM1). Material and methods. The study included 87 children with DM1; the control group consisted of 21 conditionally healthy children. All patients with DM1 were divided into two groups depending on the presence (n = 37) or absence of signs of kidney damage (n = 50). Special research methods included measuring NGAL and L-FABP1 concentration in urine with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results. We revealed a statistically significant increase in the level of NGAL and L-FABP markers in urine in type 1 diabetes mellitus in children compared to the control group. NGAL has direct correlations with the presence of protein in the urine and microalbuminuria, and inverse correlation with CKF. The level of L-FABP was statistically significantly higher in children with DM1 regardless of the presence or absence of kidney damage and gradually increased with increasing age of the disease. A prognostic model was developed to determine the probability of kidney damage in children with DM1 depending on the NGAL concentration in urine. Conclusions. NGAL levels were more than 3 times higher in the group of children with DM1 with kidney damage both compared to the control group and to the group of children with DM1 without kidney damage (p = 0.029). L-FABP was higher in the main group compared to the control group regardless of the presence or absence of kidney damage (p = 0.001). Elevated values of NGAL and L-FABP levels in urine have diagnostic significance in the formation of CKD in children with DM1. Using the prognostic model, the threshold value of NGAL (> 2ng/mL) was revealed, at which there is a high risk of kidney damage in children with DM1.