Progress of SPP1 Involved in Tumor Immune Escape in Lung Cancer

SPP1 (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1), alternatively named Osteopontin (OPN), is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein capable of binding with integrins that promotes tumor cells to evade the surveillance and attack of the immune system by influencing infiltration of immune cells, function, and pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the specific mechanism has not yet been clearly expressed. Based on the function of SPP1 in the TME and the changes in the formation of the lung cancer (LC) TME, this study delves into the mechanism of the high expression of SPP1 in LC tumors, and potential LC therapeutic options targeting SPP1 in the future. Therefore, the research theme of this paper is the progress of SPP1 involved in the immune escape of LC tumors. The data collection and organization enabled profound discussions on the factors that activate SPP1 to help tumor cells for immune escape, how SPP1 regulates the TME for immune escape, and the prospect of SPP1-targeted therapy. SPP1 may become a potential target for immunotherapy of LC, which can be directed to inhibit the expansion of LC cells through the preparation of monoclonal antibodies and other means.