Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of Syzigium cumini seed extract in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats

The antidiabetic effects of aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini was examined in diabetes mellitus induced albino wistar rats using alloxan monohydrate, which was also compared with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of metformin. This drug is generally used in diabetes mellitus treatment in humans as well as canines. This selected drug was studied systematically, analyzed and compared with plant extract. For induction of diabetes, male albino wistar rats of average weight about 120 gm were intraperitoneally administered with alloxan monohydrate, a crystal pink powder, dissolved in cold NS, at the dose rate of 120 mg/kg BW. Alloxan was used in all rats except negative control group. Diabetes induction was confirmed by evaluating the blood glucose levels. The blood glucose level of selected rats for this study was about 160 mg/dL. Rats of Group I served as normal control and rats of Group II served as hyperglycemic control. Group III was given Metformin in 1 mL of aqueous solution at a dose rate of 400 mg/kg BW p.o., whereas Group IV was orally given Syzygium cumini seed extract at the dose rate of 0.25 g/kg BW diluted in 1ml aqueous soultion. Group V was given orally 1ml of aqueous diluted Syzygium cumini seed extract at the dose rate of 0.50 g/kg BW and Group VI was given orally 1ml of aqueous diluted Syzygium cumini seed extract the dose rate of 0.75 g/kg BW. Alloxan induced diabetic rats of Group II showed increase in the levels of total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose till the end of this study. Group III, treated with standard drug metformin at a dose 400 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose level, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN); and serum creatinine level was restored near to the normal range. In group IV after administration of aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini at a dose 0.25 g/kg BW significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose level, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine level. In group V administration of aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini at a dose 0.50 g/kg BW significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose level, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine level. In group VI after administration of aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini at a dose 0.75 g/kg BW significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose level, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN); and serum creatinine level was restored near to the normal range. In this study, results showed that aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini showed both hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, which can further be studied for the advancement of the drug discovery for the diabetes mellitus treatment.