Gaze-Controlled Arabic Virtual Keyboard: Design and Evaluation of a Novel Layout

Artificial intelligence has become a vital component of contemporary technology.Despite advancements in computer technology, Arabic virtual keyboards face challenges in layout efficiency and gaze-based control due to the unique characteristics of the Arabic language.The virtual keyboard is an effective input mechanism for human-computer interaction systems.This paper suggests an Arabic virtual keyboard application system that utilizes artificial intelligence and can be controlled using eye movements.The user interacts with the system by utilizing the camera output displayed on the screen, while the webcam serves as an input device.The study proposed a novel method called Distinct Frequency-Alphabetical for virtual keyboard layout.Hence, it studied how to design a keyboard for typing Arabic text using an algorithm for gaze directions in real-world scenarios.The empirical results of the proposed system have produced better results than the previous systems.It achieves this with an average typing rate of 18 characters per minute and 4 words per minute.The testing of the proposed system received positive feedback from several users; it achieved a NASA-TLX score of 8% and 87.5% on the system usability scale.