WORLD EXPERIENCE IN ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY

The article substantiates that each state strives for the effective implementation of its own holistic and interconnected system of measures to ensure energy security, focused on national interests and strategic priorities. The analysis showed that countries around the world (in particular, China, Germany, France, Norway, Great Britain, the USA) have defined and are implementing their own concepts of energy security, which are transformed under the influence of challenges and threats, modern technologies and the needs of the energy sector development on the principles of sustainability. It was found that the majority of global electricity production continues to be based on the use of hydrocarbons, but there is an increase in the share of low-carbon generation, in particular renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydropower), and energy generation projects using small modular nuclear reactors are also developing. It was noted that the development of these types of energy generation allows reducing the carbon intensity of the electricity industry, which is critically important in the context of ensuring sustainable energy development. The author notes that Ukraine needs to take into account the best practices of global experience in energy security management to increase energy independence, reduce carbon footprint and ensure the stability of the energy sector. At the same time, it is noted that Ukraine, in war conditions, has generated its own practical experience in ensuring the functioning of the energy system, which is valuable for countries around the world in the context of responding to large-scale challenges and threats to energy security.