Geomechanical and Geochemical Considerations for Hydrogen Storage in Shale and Tight Reservoirs

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in shale and tight reservoirs offers a promising solution for large-scale energy storage, playing a critical role in the transition to a hydrogen-based economy. However, the successful deployment of UHS in these low-permeability formations depends on a thorough understanding of the geomechanical and geochemical factors that affect storage integrity, injectivity, and long-term stability. This review critically examines the geomechanical aspects, including stress distribution, rock deformation, fracture propagation, and caprock integrity, which govern hydrogen containment under subsurface conditions. Additionally, it explores key geochemical challenges such as hydrogen-induced mineral alterations, adsorption effects, microbial activity, and potential reactivity with formation fluids, to evaluate their impact on storage feasibility. A comprehensive analysis of experimental studies, numerical modeling approaches, and field applications is presented to identify knowledge gaps and future research directions.