Applying Universal Design Principles for Teaching and Learning Process in the Inclusive Classroom

The integration of universal design learning principles and methodologies into pedagogical practices has gained significant attention in recent years. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework that emphasizes creating accessible and inclusive educational experiences to accommodate all students, including diverse learners. This study explores the implementation of UDL principles in teaching mathematics in inclusive classrooms in Sri Lanka. The aim of this study was to identify how a teacher uses lesson plans according to UDL and to identify the challenges when applying UDL frameworks to make lesson plans. The phenomenological research design, belonging to the qualitative approach was used as the research methodology. The sample was selected under non-random sampling. Observations and interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted using narrative analysis and thematic analysis. The study highlights that the teacher did her best to represent three core principles of UDL: (1) providing multiple means of representation, (2) providing multiple means of action and expression, and (3) providing multiple means of engagement. Furthermore, the research identifies challenges in adopting UDL practices, including resource constraints, lack of awareness among educators, and limited professional development opportunities. Addressing these barriers is critical to successfully integrating UDL principles into mainstream education systems.