Comparing the Toxicity Effect Induced by Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S In the Zebrafish Model

Introduction: With the shift from Bisphenol A (BPA) to Bisphenol S (BPS) in consumer products, there is limited knowledge on BPS's impact on human health. This study compares the toxicity of BPA and BPS on zebrafish embryos. Materials and Methods: Zebrafish embryos (n=10) were exposed to BPA and BPS at concentrations of 10 µM and 20 µM in each well of 24-well plates. Mortality rates were assessed at 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf). Hatching rates were evaluated at 72 and 96 hpf using a modified protocol. Cardiotoxicity was assessed by measuring heart rate and pericardial edema at 96 hpf. Results and Discussion: Neither BPA nor BPS had a significant impact on mortality or hatching rates in zebrafish embryos. In the cardiotoxicity assay, exposure to 10 µM BPA led to an increased heart rate, while 20 µM BPA significantly reduced it. Both BPS concentrations did not significantly alter the embryos’ heart rate compared to the control. Pericardial edema was observed in both 10 µM and 20 µM BPA groups, but not in BPS-treated groups. Conclusion: BPS demonstrates lower toxicity than BPA concerning mortality and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos, though neither compound affected hatching rates.