Ideologická dilemata ruských letopisců

This article examines the medieval ideology of Rus', which began to take shape in the late 10th century during the reign of Vladimir Svyatoslavich. Its origins are closely tied to the process of Christianization. Ideological themes were disseminated through multiple channels to reach the widest possible audience. For the literate, ideas were conveyed through texts, while visual media – such as icons, coins, seals, paintings, and monumental architecture – served to communicate with the largely illiterate population. The authors challenge the commonly held view that ideology in medieval Rus' was merely a tool for political manipulation. They argue that the letopisi were not always commissioned by ruling princes, suggesting a more complex and nuanced relationship between ideology and political power. Given that chroniclers were primarily members of the clergy, they possessed a deep understanding of the importance of accuracy and truthfulness in their records. The study of ideology in the Middle Ages presents challenges due to the varying interpretations of the term ideology. The authors propose that in this historical context, ideology functioned as a moral guidebook, shaping values, uniting society, and providing behavioural models for specific circumstances. This contrasts with the modern perception of ideology as primarily a means of propaganda or manipulation.