Comparative Assessment of Ornamental Plants in a Laboratory-Scale Constructed Wetland for TDS Reduction from Simulated Domestic Wastewater

This study focuses on the effectiveness of a laboratory-scale horizontal subsurface flow built wetland (HSSFCW) intended for phytoremediation of simulated residential wastewater using two ornamental plant species: Fittonia argyroneura and Syngonium podophyllum. The system was built using a transparent acrylic tank coated with coarse gravel, fine gravel, sand, and clay to mimic natural subsurface wetland conditions and encourage root-zone interaction. Over a 5-day period, experimental procedures were carried out to assess the removal of Total Dissolved Solids. Fittonia argyroneura consistently reduced TDS more effectively than Syngonium podophyllum, and its effectiveness remained reasonably steady over time. Syngonium podophyllum, on the other hand, revealed a considerable rise in TDS content with prolonged contact durations, which might be attributed to organic leaching or microbial imbalance. Statistical analysis revealed substantial (p < 0.05) differences between the two systems. These findings emphasize the significance of plant species selection in improving engineered wetland performance. The system's modular architecture and low-cost materials make it suitable for decentralized wastewater treatment, especially in small-scale or rural applications. Overall, Fittonia argyroneura showed increased flexibility and promise for application in sustainable phytoremediation systems aimed at nutrient-rich residential effluents.