A Concept of New Generation Films for Haylage Production Which Meets the Condition of the Closed-Loop Material Cycle

The recycling rate of silage and stretch films is low. The low degree of recycling of polymer films used in agriculture results from the high contamination of films and technological problems in their processing. Material recycling of haylage preservation films is conditioned by the possibility of their effective and cost-effective cleaning. Thus, the study focuses on designing a new generation material for wrapping hay-silage bales that meet the closed-loop material cycle condition while at the same time guaranteeing the desired operating conditions. The developed new generation silage films made it possible to achieve 100% recycling, while this indicator for traditional films did not exceed 50%. The concept is based on the notion of circular economy. The study compared four types of film—one that is commonly used for feed preservation and three types of new generation film. The nanosilver-containing film and the film containing a microbiological additive of zinc provided a high quality of silage and, due to the low contamination, facilitated the recycling of the burdensome waste. The 8% microcellulose film had too little viscosity, which was why it did not cut off the atmospheric air penetration into the bale. Hence, the biodegradable film with the addition of microcellulose does not comply with the technological regime for feed preservation.

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Publication Details

Journal
Sustainability
Published
2025-08-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167240
Primary Topic
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

A Concept of New Generation Films for Haylage Production Which Meets the Condition of the Closed-Loop Material Cycle

P. Kacorzyk, Jacek Strojny, Michał Niewiadomski
Sustainability
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
article

A Concept of New Generation Films for Haylage Production Which Meets the Condition of the Closed-Loop Material Cycle

P. Kacorzyk, Jacek Strojny, Michał Niewiadomski
article en

Abstract

The recycling rate of silage and stretch films is low. The low degree of recycling of polymer films used in agriculture results from the high contamination of films and technological problems in their processing. Material recycling of haylage preservation films is conditioned by the possibility of their effective and cost-effective cleaning. Thus, the study focuses on designing a new generation material for wrapping hay-silage bales that meet the closed-loop material cycle condition while at the same time guaranteeing the desired operating conditions. The developed new generation silage films made it possible to achieve 100% recycling, while this indicator for traditional films did not exceed 50%. The concept is based on the notion of circular economy. The study compared four types of film—one that is commonly used for feed preservation and three types of new generation film. The nanosilver-containing film and the film containing a microbiological additive of zinc provided a high quality of silage and, due to the low contamination, facilitated the recycling of the burdensome waste. The 8% microcellulose film had too little viscosity, which was why it did not cut off the atmospheric air penetration into the bale. Hence, the biodegradable film with the addition of microcellulose does not comply with the technological regime for feed preservation.

SustainabilityVol. 17(16)
University of Agriculture in Krakow (PL), Podhale State Higher Vocational School in Nowy Targ (PL)
National Center for Research and Development
Responsible consumption and production
Openalex Percentile: Top 78%
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
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