On the causal order in the theory of interest

Multi-level production has its own manifestations in the formation of crisis states. Competition forces an increase in production and output of goods. The inclusion of such in the implemented offer is delayed 1) until the creation of multi-level additions to the sections in the proper ratio for exchanges, and 2) until the inclusion of additional goods in the implemented offer. All this requires special funds and efforts. Significant times and features of inclusion may not correspond to the capabilities of private individuals to survive them. Crises arise. The inclusion of additional goods in the supply involves, for example, a reduction in prices for final goods, or the finding of new markets. Lower prices lead to a crisis redistribution of income in favor of workers. Before production reaches the boundaries of the field of favorability of labor and raw material reserves, crises, one way or another, are overcome. When reaching the borders, there is a general decrease in profitability due to the inclination of capital, due to the redundancy of production facilities, to equalize it. The way out of the situation is new markets for raw materials, labor, and technology. Money measures the value consumed by a single simple abstract labor. The exchange of commodities of equal price corresponds to the exchange of the same number of values of unit consumption. This means an exchange of equal values. There are grounds for expounding the theory of crises on the basis of the labor theory of value. Consideration of the capitalist production of society as a device containing non-market and multi-level market production, producing and non-producing markets, allows us to study the features of the formation and overcoming of crisis states.