Evaluating Cultural Heritage Preservation Through Augmented Reality: Insights from the Kaisareia-AR Application

This study investigates how augmented-reality (AR) technology can enhance the presentation and preservation of cultural heritage, using Kayseri Castle as a case study. Although previous studies have explored AR applications in heritage contexts, few have addressed their role in representing multi-layered architectural histories of complex sites. The research focuses on the development and evaluation of the KAISAREIA-AR application, which integrates historical, architectural, and cultural narratives into an interactive AR platform. By reconstructing the castle’s distinct historical layers—spanning the Roman, Seljuk, Ottoman, and Republic periods—the study seeks to assess AR’s effectiveness in providing immersive visitor experiences while maintaining the authenticity of heritage sites. Three-dimensional models of the castle were created using 3ds Max, enriched with visual and auditory information, and deployed via Unity software on wearable AR devices. The study employed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the application’s usability and impact on user engagement. The findings indicate that AR significantly enhances the accessibility, understanding, and appreciation of cultural heritage by providing dynamic, immersive experiences. The KAISAREIA-AR application demonstrated its potential to bridge historical authenticity with modern technology, offering a replicable model for integrating AR into cultural heritage conservation and education.