Antibacterial and Pharmacological Properties of Ephedra foliata: A Comprehensive Review

A member of the Ephedraceae family, Ephedra foliata Boiss. Ex C.A. Mey is a shrub found in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and has gained recognition for its various pharmacological characteristics and possible medical uses. The main aim of this review is to provide a thorough examination of E.foliata’s antibacterial and pharmacological properties, emphasizing its importance in both conventional and contemporary medicine. The plant carries antibacterial properties as it exhibit secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. In addition to its antibacterial qualities, E.foliata has a variety of pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, metabolic regulating effects and anti-inflammatory effects. These properties play a crucial role in managing certain health conditions like respiratory disorders (asthma, cold, fever, cough), metabolic imbalances, diabetic conditions (Anti-diabetic) and manage weight related issues. Various genus of Ephedra has been studied so far yet E.foliata need to be highlighted. This paper compiles information regarding its antibacterial, ethnobotanical, pharmacological properties and in order to encourage precise avenues for further investigation.