Application of low-level lasers as excitation light sources for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of periodontitis

A modern comprehensive method for the treatment of periodontitis is the result of many years of laboratory and clinical research conducted in numerous countries worldwide. Until recently, its application was considered the only proven and reliable solution by treating physicians. However, the long-recognized problem of pathogenic microorganisms developing resistance to commonly used antibiotic drugs has reached truly alarming proportions over the past few years, deeply affecting many areas of medicine. This issue is especially reflected in the treatment of periodontitis, where the effective loss of key etiological therapy has significantly reduced the overall effectiveness of the treatment regimen, exacerbating previously compensated shortcomings and side effects. In this context, periodontists are compelled to seek new methods of antimicrobial and reparative therapy. In their search, attention is increasingly turning to the use of light-based physiotherapeutic treatment methods, whose therapeutic effects have long been noted but have not been adequately studied or clinically tested. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of using low-level lasers as excitation light sources in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of patients with periodontitis. A special focus will be placed on studying the confirmed effects of light exposure from low-level lasers and the products of photochemical reactions on immune and connective tissue cells of the human body, as well as their significance in resolving pathological processes in the periodontium. The study also aims to highlight the advantages of combining this method with conventional comprehensive treatment approaches for periodontitis, addressing the shortcomings of the latter identified by modern medicine