Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A comprehensive and updated review

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) represents a spectrum of dysplastic and neoplastic epithelial disorders affecting the conjunctiva and cornea.Although OSSN is relatively rare compared to other ocular malignancies, its significance lies in its potential for ocular surface morbidity, recurrence, and, in rare cases, systemic spread.Over the past few decades, considerable advances have been made in diagnostic modalities, particularly with non-invasive imaging techniques such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and confocal microscopy.Concurrently, therapeutic strategies have expanded beyond surgical excision to include topical chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents, resulting in better preservation of ocular anatomy and function.This review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and recent innovations in the field of OSSN.