Chemistry And Applications Of Siderophores From Marine Microorganisms: A Comprehensive Review

Marine microorganisms have evolved sophisticated siderophore systems to thrive in iron-limited oceanic environments. This review highlights the remarkable chemical diversity, biosynthetic pathways, and ecological roles of marine siderophores. It also explores their expanding applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, environmental bioremediation, and industry. Advances in analytical technologies and synthetic biology are accelerating the discovery and engineering of these versatile compounds. By integrating insights from chemistry, ecology, and biotechnology, this review provides a roadmap for future research aimed at unlocking the full potential of marine microbial siderophores.