Forearm Muscle Activity During Motorsport: A Case Study

Increased forearm activity may reflect greater steering input or control effort, which, if optimised, could reduce cornering time and thereby improve lap performance. This proof-of-concept case study aimed to quantify forearm muscle activity during two test sessions, with data-driven driver feedback in between sessions to inform steering technique. One ex-professional European karting driver was recruited for this study. A 20 Hz GPS was mounted on the kart, and two electromyography sensors were attached to the left and right flexor digitorum superficialis. In session one, the driver completed 19 laps; EMG data from the fastest lap (51.99 s) were analysed and used to provide feedback. In session two, the driver completed 20 laps, achieving a best time of 51.60 s. EMG analysis revealed greater left forearm activity during left-hand corners in session one, shifting to greater right forearm activity during right-hand corners in session two. The 0.39 s improvement in lap time suggests that EMG-informed feedback may influence steering technique and enhance performance. These findings highlight the potential of integrating EMG analysis into driver coaching, particularly in training and qualifying contexts.

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Publication Details

Journal
Applied Sciences
Published
2025-08-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168801
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.39
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article

Forearm Muscle Activity During Motorsport: A Case Study

Michael Wakefield, Chris Mills, Emma Neupert, Tim Blackmore
1 citations
Applied Sciences
Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
1.39
article

Forearm Muscle Activity During Motorsport: A Case Study

Michael Wakefield, Chris Mills, Emma Neupert, Tim Blackmore
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Increased forearm activity may reflect greater steering input or control effort, which, if optimised, could reduce cornering time and thereby improve lap performance. This proof-of-concept case study aimed to quantify forearm muscle activity during two test sessions, with data-driven driver feedback in between sessions to inform steering technique. One ex-professional European karting driver was recruited for this study. A 20 Hz GPS was mounted on the kart, and two electromyography sensors were attached to the left and right flexor digitorum superficialis. In session one, the driver completed 19 laps; EMG data from the fastest lap (51.99 s) were analysed and used to provide feedback. In session two, the driver completed 20 laps, achieving a best time of 51.60 s. EMG analysis revealed greater left forearm activity during left-hand corners in session one, shifting to greater right forearm activity during right-hand corners in session two. The 0.39 s improvement in lap time suggests that EMG-informed feedback may influence steering technique and enhance performance. These findings highlight the potential of integrating EMG analysis into driver coaching, particularly in training and qualifying contexts.

Applied SciencesVol. 15(16)
English Institute of Sport (GB), Delta Motorsport (United Kingdom) (GB), University of Portsmouth (GB)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 17%
Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
1.39
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Forearm Muscle Activity During Motorsport: A Case Study — Michael Wakefield, Chris Mills, et al. · Applied Sciences (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS