Validation of the optimal inclination angle for motor-driven underwater robot under low Reynolds number conditions

This study focuses on the theoretical optimal advancement angle (45°) for micro-robots under low Reynolds number conditions and validates it through model construction. An underwater robotic unit equipped with an iron coil and a motor was utilized to design the experimental setup, allowing observation and measurement of performance at different inclinations (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°). The experiments were conducted in a high-viscosity environment, created by mixing laundry detergent with water to simulate the desired low Reynolds number conditions. The results show that the maximum velocity occurs at an inclination of 45°, which is consistent with the theoretical predictions. This validation is significant for constructing microscopic models, verifying the feasibility of scaling up research questions from a macro perspective.